Develop knowledge activists! European Management Journal Vol. 15, No. 5 October 1997 pp.475-483

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Ikujiro Nonaka, Georg von Krogh and Kazuo Ichijo introduce the knowledge activist as a knowledge enabler. A knowledge activist is someone, some group or department that takes on particular responsibility for energizing and coordinating knowledge creation efforts throughout the corporation. Therefore, he acts in three roles: as a catalyst of knowledge creation, as a connector of knowledge creation initiatives and as a merchant of foresight. To catalyze social processes of knowledge creation, a knowledge activist formulates 'process triggers' and creates space or context for knowledge creation. The concepts of microcommunities of knowledge, imagined communities and shared maps of cooperation help the knowledge activist to connect knowledge creation initiatives: since there are limits to the number of participants in microcommunities, the knowledge activist establishes imagined communities, whereby shared maps of cooperation are important. As a merchant of foresight, the knowledge activist finally provides overall direction to the knowledge creation taking place in various microcommunities. The authors warn of three possible misconceptions and pitfalls of knowledge activism. First, the task of a knowledge activist is to enable, not control knowledge creation. Second, knowledge activism is not only about connecting others, but also about ensuring self-connections. Finally, lack of knowledge creation should not be covered up by establishing a knowledge activist. Knowledge activism finds different sources in different companies. As possible options, the corporate R&D center, strategists, knowledge and technology transfer units are discussed as well as individuals or departments as knowledge activists. The 'TORIDAS' project at Maekawa serves as an illustration of the knowledge activist concept.

Creating Knowledge in the Process Organization. European Management Journal 1997

Approximate single linkage cluster analysis of large data sets in high-dimensional spaces. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis1997 Vol.23 No.1 pp.29-43